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55-Iron uptake

2026-09-21T23:21:00Z

Maite Maldonado:

{{BreadcrumbsNutrients}}

* [[Page authors|Page authors]]: [[PRIMO]]
* [[Responsible curator|Responsible curator]]: [[User:Hagi BucknWise|Hagen Buck-Wiese]]
----

__TOC__
<div class="model-box">
{| class="model-ib" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em;"
! Iron uptake (55Fe)
|-
| '''Approach:''' radiotracer (55Fe) incubation
|-
| '''Context:''' incubation, lab
|-
| '''Spatial scale:''' point sample
|-
| '''Temporal scale:''' 4–24 h
|-
| '''Units:''' (x)mol Fe biomass-1 d-1; (x)mol Fe L-1 d-1
|-
| '''Community captured:''' all (usually > 0.2 or 0.7 µm)
|-
| '''Co-measurements:''' biomass (Chl, cells, POC, cell volume)
|}
</div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>

== Method Overview ==

Iron uptake rates are measured by adding 55Fe (a low-energy gamma/X-ray emitter, half-life ~2.7 years) as a radiolabelled FeCl3 tracer to seawater samples under trace-metal-clean conditions. The 55Fe spike is added at concentrations comparable to ambient dissolved iron concentrations and allowed to equilibrate with the ambient iron-binding ligand pool before incubation. After a 4–24 h dark or light incubation, the particulate fraction is collected by filtration, washed with oxalate solution<ref name="Tang and Morel 2006">Tang D, Morel FMM (2006) Distinguishing between cellular and
Fe-oxide-associated trace elements in phytoplankton. ''Marine Chemistry'',98, 18–30. https://doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.06.003</ref> to remove adsorbed (extracellular) iron, and the filter radioactivity is measured by liquid scintillation counting. The uptake rate is calculated from the fraction of 55Fe incorporated relative to the total dissolved 55Fe in the incubation<ref name="Hudson1990">Hudson, R. J. M., & Morel, F. M. M. (1990). Iron transport in marine phytoplankton: kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions. ''Limnology and Oceanography'', 35(5), 1002–1020. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.5.1002</ref>.

=== Scale of measurement ===

Sampling after 4–24 h incubation. Trace-metal-clean sampling and handling are essential throughout to avoid iron contamination.

=== Data generated ===

Iron uptake rates normalized to biomass (mol Fe cell-1 d-1, mol Fe mol C-1 d-1) or expressed as volumetric rates (mol Fe L-1 d-1). When combined with iron quotas (cellular Fe content), growth-rate-specific iron requirements (KFe) can be derived.

=== Units & currency ===

Units are (x)mol Fe biomass-1 d-1 or (x)mol Fe L-1 d-1. The currency is Fe.

=== Sample size ===

Typical samples are < 1 L in volume.

=== Repositories & databases ===

== Limitations ==

The method assumes minimal isotopic fractionation between 55Fe and ambient 56/54Fe. In field incubations, bottle effects can alter iron speciation and uptake rates relative to ''in situ'' conditions. The distribution of iron between the organic-ligand-bound and inorganic forms (bioavailability) must equilibrate before incubation; inadequate equilibration leads to inaccurate estimates. Radiotracer recycling (released iron taken up again) can overestimate rates in longer incubations.

== Example Applications & Protocols ==

=== Classic examples ===
* Hudson & Morel (1990) ''Iron transport in marine phytoplankton: kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions'' <ref name="Hudson1990" />

=== Recent applications ===
* For recent applications, including probing the iron nutritional status of natural phytoplankton, see review chapter by Marchetti and Maldonado 2016<ref name="Marchetti and Maldonado 2016">A. Marchetti and M. T. Maldonado, “Iron” in “The Physiology of Microalgae. 1 ed. Cham Switzerland: Springer, 2016. 681 p. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2</ref>.

=== Common calculations/conversions ===
* Fe uptake rate (mol Fe L-1 d-1) = (cpmcells / cpmtotal dissolved) × [Fedissolved] / incubation time.
* Biomass-specific rate = volumetric rate / [biomass]; requires cell counts or POC measurements.

== References ==

[[Category:Main Pages|Model types]]

55-Iron uptake

2026-09-21T22:06:56Z

Maite Maldonado:

{{BreadcrumbsNutrients}}

* [[Page authors|Page authors]]: [[PRIMO]]
* [[Responsible curator|Responsible curator]]: [[User:Hagi BucknWise|Hagen Buck-Wiese]]
----

__TOC__
<div class="model-box">
{| class="model-ib" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em;"
! Iron uptake (55Fe)
|-
| '''Approach:''' radiotracer (55Fe) incubation
|-
| '''Context:''' incubation, lab
|-
| '''Spatial scale:''' point sample
|-
| '''Temporal scale:''' 4–24 h
|-
| '''Units:''' (x)mol Fe biomass-1 d-1; (x)mol Fe L-1 d-1
|-
| '''Community captured:''' all (usually > 0.2 or 0.7 µm)
|-
| '''Co-measurements:''' biomass (Chl, cells, POC, cell volume)
|}
</div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>

== Method Overview ==

Iron uptake rates are measured by adding 55Fe (a low-energy gamma/X-ray emitter, half-life ~2.7 years) as a radiolabelled FeCl3 tracer to seawater samples under trace-metal-clean conditions. The 55Fe spike is added at concentrations comparable to ambient dissolved iron concentrations and allowed to equilibrate with the ambient iron-binding ligand pool before incubation. After a 4–24 h dark or light incubation, the particulate fraction is collected by filtration, washed with oxalate solution<ref name="Tang and Morel 2006">Tang D, Morel FMM (2006) Distinguishing between cellular and
Fe-oxide-associated trace elements in phytoplankton. ''Marine Chemistry'',98, 18–30. https://doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.06.003</ref> to remove adsorbed (extracellular) iron, and the filter radioactivity is measured by liquid scintillation counting. The uptake rate is calculated from the fraction of 55Fe incorporated relative to the total dissolved 55Fe in the incubation<ref name="Hudson1990">Hudson, R. J. M., & Morel, F. M. M. (1990). Iron transport in marine phytoplankton: kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions. ''Limnology and Oceanography'', 35(5), 1002–1020. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.5.1002</ref>.

=== Scale of measurement ===

Sampling after 4–24 h incubation. Trace-metal-clean sampling and handling are essential throughout to avoid iron contamination.

=== Data generated ===

Iron uptake rates normalized to biomass (mol Fe cell-1 d-1, mol Fe mol C-1 d-1) or expressed as volumetric rates (mol Fe L-1 d-1). When combined with iron quotas (cellular Fe content), growth-rate-specific iron requirements (KFe) can be derived.

=== Units & currency ===

Units are (x)mol Fe biomass-1 d-1 or (x)mol Fe L-1 d-1. The currency is Fe.

=== Sample size ===

Typical samples are < 1 L in volume.

=== Repositories & databases ===

== Limitations ==

The method assumes minimal isotopic fractionation between 55Fe and ambient 56/54Fe. In field incubations, bottle effects can alter iron speciation and uptake rates relative to ''in situ'' conditions. The distribution of iron between the organic-ligand-bound and inorganic forms (bioavailability) must equilibrate before incubation; inadequate equilibration leads to inaccurate estimates. Radiotracer recycling (released iron taken up again) can overestimate rates in longer incubations.

== Example Applications & Protocols ==

=== Classic examples ===
* Hudson & Morel (1990) ''Iron transport in marine phytoplankton: kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions'' <ref name="Hudson1990" />

=== Recent applications ===
*

=== Common calculations/conversions ===
* Fe uptake rate (mol Fe L-1 d-1) = (cpmcells / cpmtotal dissolved) × [Fedissolved] / incubation time.
* Biomass-specific rate = volumetric rate / [biomass]; requires cell counts or POC measurements.

== References ==

[[Category:Main Pages|Model types]]

55-Iron uptake

2026-09-21T22:04:50Z

Maite Maldonado:

{{BreadcrumbsNutrients}}

* [[Page authors|Page authors]]: [[PRIMO]]
* [[Responsible curator|Responsible curator]]: [[User:Hagi BucknWise|Hagen Buck-Wiese]]
----

__TOC__
<div class="model-box">
{| class="model-ib" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em;"
! Iron uptake (55Fe)
|-
| '''Approach:''' radiotracer (55Fe) incubation
|-
| '''Context:''' incubation, lab
|-
| '''Spatial scale:''' point sample
|-
| '''Temporal scale:''' 4–24 h
|-
| '''Units:''' (x)mol Fe biomass-1 d-1; (x)mol Fe L-1 d-1
|-
| '''Community captured:''' all (usually > 0.2 or 0.7 µm)
|-
| '''Co-measurements:''' biomass (Chl, cells, POC, cell volume)
|}
</div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>

== Method Overview ==

Iron uptake rates are measured by adding 55Fe (a low-energy gamma/X-ray emitter, half-life ~2.7 years) as a radiolabelled FeCl3 tracer to seawater samples under trace-metal-clean conditions. The 55Fe spike is added at concentrations comparable to ambient dissolved iron concentrations and allowed to equilibrate with the ambient iron-binding ligand pool before incubation. After a 4–24 h dark or light incubation, the particulate fraction is collected by filtration, washed with oxalate solution<ref name="Tang and Morel 2006">Tang D, Morel FMM (2006) Distinguishing between cellular and
Fe-oxide-associated trace elements in phytoplankton. "Marine Chemistry",98, 18–30. https://doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.06.003</ref>. to remove adsorbed (extracellular) iron, and the filter radioactivity is measured by liquid scintillation counting. The uptake rate is calculated from the fraction of 55Fe incorporated relative to the total dissolved 55Fe in the incubation<ref name="Hudson1990">Hudson, R. J. M., & Morel, F. M. M. (1990). Iron transport in marine phytoplankton: kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions. ''Limnology and Oceanography'', 35(5), 1002–1020. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.5.1002</ref>.

=== Scale of measurement ===

Sampling after 4–24 h incubation. Trace-metal-clean sampling and handling are essential throughout to avoid iron contamination.

=== Data generated ===

Iron uptake rates normalized to biomass (mol Fe cell-1 d-1, mol Fe mol C-1 d-1) or expressed as volumetric rates (mol Fe L-1 d-1). When combined with iron quotas (cellular Fe content), growth-rate-specific iron requirements (KFe) can be derived.

=== Units & currency ===

Units are (x)mol Fe biomass-1 d-1 or (x)mol Fe L-1 d-1. The currency is Fe.

=== Sample size ===

Typical samples are < 1 L in volume.

=== Repositories & databases ===

== Limitations ==

The method assumes minimal isotopic fractionation between 55Fe and ambient 56/54Fe. In field incubations, bottle effects can alter iron speciation and uptake rates relative to ''in situ'' conditions. The distribution of iron between the organic-ligand-bound and inorganic forms (bioavailability) must equilibrate before incubation; inadequate equilibration leads to inaccurate estimates. Radiotracer recycling (released iron taken up again) can overestimate rates in longer incubations.

== Example Applications & Protocols ==

=== Classic examples ===
* Hudson & Morel (1990) ''Iron transport in marine phytoplankton: kinetics of cellular and medium coordination reactions'' <ref name="Hudson1990" />

=== Recent applications ===
*

=== Common calculations/conversions ===
* Fe uptake rate (mol Fe L-1 d-1) = (cpmcells / cpmtotal dissolved) × [Fedissolved] / incubation time.
* Biomass-specific rate = volumetric rate / [biomass]; requires cell counts or POC measurements.

== References ==

[[Category:Main Pages|Model types]]